- 授权书是一种法律文件，内容提及委托人/donor授权给代理人donee的权力。
- 当委托人授权给代理人后，即表示给予后者法定的权力，代委托人处理财务或其他法律事宜。因此授权书可以让代理人在无需获得委托人的签名或同意下，代替委托人处理某些事宜；前提是在授权书下所授予的权力范围内所执行的。
- 有些授权书是可以被撤销的，授权书的终止可以有很多原因，比如委托人死亡，委托人撤销委托书等等。而不可撤销的授权书/Irrevocable Power of Attorney，指的是不能被撤销的授权书。1949年授权委任书法令第6条文说明，不能被撤销的授权书，不得因委托人死亡、无行为能力或破产而被撤销。
- 在Sidambaram a/l Torosamy v Lok Bee Yeong (representative to the estate of Soma Sundram a/l Doraiswamy)[2017] 4 MLJ 570 一案中，死者由于欠哥哥钱，于是签署一份不可撤销的授权书，授权哥哥处理他的房产。死者在生前同意出售位于双威的物业以偿还欠哥哥的债务(RM900,005)。不料死者后来在未经哥哥同意下私下出售有关物业，只将部分的收益(RM549,995)转进哥哥的户口。死者哥哥对死者遗产执行人索赔。
- 法庭批准了死者哥哥的申请。
- 法庭表示死者已通过授权书，将有关物业的权益授权给哥哥。因此哥哥拥有物业出售后的收益(RM900,005)。而且有关授权书属于不可撤销的授权书，即使如今死者已经过世，仍然有效。Prima facie, in law and in equity, the deceased had divested himself of his interest in the bungalow to the appellant. The deceased’s role after the execution of the PA was at most that of a constructive trustee. It was undisputed that the appellant had an interest in the proceeds of sale of the bungalow. Consequently, the PA fell within the jurisprudence and parameters of an irrevocable PA. As the power was never revoked during the deceased’s lifetime, the terms stated in the PA stood valid, one of which was that the appellant was entitled to the proceeds of sale of the bungalow (see paras 5 & 23).
- 法庭也强调，不能被撤销的授权书是不可以被单方面撤销的。这意味委托人不能在没有获得代理人的同意下，单方面撤销此类授权书。 Once a valid PA was given, it remained in full force until it was lawfully revoked, ie, the common law principles of revocation by conduct of the donor was not applicable
- 欲获得有关案例的英文版，请参考不可撤销的授权书/Irrevocable Power of Attorney真的能永久？[2017] 4 MLJ 570的文章。
Powers of Attorney Act 1949
6. (1) If a power of attorney, given for valuable consideration, is in the instrument creating the power expressed to be irrevocable, then, in favour of a purchaser—
(a) the power shall not be revoked at any time, either by anything done by the donor of the power without the concurrence of the donee of the power, or by the death, marriage, mental disorder, unsoundness of mind, or bankruptcy of the donor of the power; and
(b) any act done at any time by the donee of the power, in pursuance of the power, shall be as valid as if anything done by the donor of the power without the concurrence of the donee of the power, or the death, marriage, mental disorder, unsoundness of mind, or bankruptcy of the donor of the power, had not been done or happened; and
(c) neither the donee of the power, nor the purchaser, shall at any time be prejudicially affected by notice of anything done by the donor of the power, without the concurrence of the donee of the power, or of the death, marriage, mental disorder, unsoundness of mind, or bankruptcy of the donor of the power.
(2) This section applies to powers of attorney created by instruments executed either before or after the commencement of this Act.
Powers of attorney expressed to be irrevocable for a fixed time
7. If a power of attorney, whether given for valuable consideration or not, is in the instrument creating the power expressed to be irrevocable for a fixed time therein specified, then, in favour of a purchaser–
(a) the power shall not be revoked, for and during that fixed time, either by anything done by the donor of the power without the concurrence of the donee of the power, or by the death, marriage, mental disorder, unsoundness of mind, or bankruptcy of the donor of the power; and
(b) any act done within that fixed time, by the donee of the power, in pursuance of the power, shall be as valid as if anything done by the donor of the power without the concurrence of the donee of the power, or the death, marriage, mental disorder, unsoundness of mind, or bankruptcy of the donor of the power, had not been done or happened; and
(c) neither the donee of the power, nor the purchaser, shall at any time be prejudicially affected by notice either during or after that fixed time of anything done by the donor of the power during that fixed time, without the concurrence of the donee of the power, or of the death, marriage, mental disorder, unsoundness of mind, or bankruptcy of the donor of the power within that fixed time.
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