问: 劳工法里，员工离职，需要给雇主多久的预先通知呢？
- 劳工法令12(2)条文下注明，解雇或辞职通知，期限是：
- 工作少过两年，需要提前四个星期通知
- 多过两年少过五年，需要提前六个星期通知
- 工作多过五年，需要提前八个星期通知
- 离职通知天数是包括假期和周末的。
- 任何一方若没有给予足够的离职通知，必须支付对方代通知金，就是支付对方通知期天数相等或通知期所剩下的天数的工资。如果合约里没有列明离职通知，那么离职通知将以1955年劳工法令12条文下的离职通知为标准。
文:员工没有给足离职通知就走了，老板可以扣薪吗？
- 1955年劳工法令第24条文，允许雇主合法扣除员工在1955年劳工法令第13(1)条文下须付给雇主的代通知金。
Lawful deductions
- 24. (1) No deductions shall be made by an employer from the wages of an employee otherwise than in accordance with this Act.
- (2) It shall be lawful for an employer to make the followingdeductions—
- (a) deductions to the extent of any overpayment of wages made during the immediately preceding three months from the month in which deductions are to be made, by the employer to the employee by the employer’s mistake;
- (b) deductions for the indemnity due to the employer by the employee under subsection 13(1);
- (c) deductions for the recovery of advances of wages made.under section 22 provided no interest is charged on theadvances; and
- (d) deductions authorized by any other written law.
12. Notice of termination of contract
(1) Either party to a contract of service may at any time give to the other party notice of his intention to terminate such contract of service.
(2) The length of such notice shall be the same for both employer and employee and shall be determined by a provision made in writing for such notice in the terms of the contract of service, or, in the absence of such provision in writing, shall not be less than—
(a) four weeks’ notice if the employee has been so employed for less than two years on the date on which the notice is given;
(b) six weeks’ notice if he has been so employed for two years or more but less than five years on such date;
(c) eight weeks’ notice if he has been so employed for five years or more on such date:
Provided that this section shall not be taken to prevent either party from waiving his right to a notice under this subsection.
13. Termination of contract without notice
(1) Either party to a contract of service may terminate such contract of service without notice or, if notice has already been given in accordance with section 12, without waiting for the expiry of that notice, by paying to the other party an indemnity of a sum equal to the amount of wages which would have accrued to the employee during the term of such notice or during the unexpired term of such notice.
24. Lawful deductions
(1) No deductions shall be made by an employer from the wages of an employee otherwise than in accordance with this Act. (2) It shall be lawful for an employer to make the following deductions—
(a) deductions to the extent of any overpayment of wages made during the immediately preceding three months from the month in which deductions are to be made, by the employer to the employee by the employer’s mistake;
(b) deductions for the indemnity due to the employer by the employee under subsection 13(1);
(c) deductions for the recovery of advances of wages made under section 22 provided no interest is charged on the advances; and
(d) deductions authorized by any other written law.
问：员工可以用年假来扣除离职通知的天数吗？
- 这需要看公司的政策。
- 假如员工在离职前还有剩余的年假，员工在雇主的同意下，可以用此假日的天数来填补离职通知的天数。假如雇主不同意员工用年假的天数来填补离职通知的天数，或不允许员工在离职前用完所剩余的年假，有关雇主必须在员工离开前支付员工年假所折算的工资。
问:公司没有为员工注册epf 和socso, 属于推定解雇吗？
- 工业法庭表示雇主为员工注册和缴付EPF 和SOCSO的责任不只是合同的主要条件，甚至在1991年公积金法令下，这属于公司的法定责任… payments of EPF, SOCSO and PCB are not only fundamental terms of an employment contract but they are also statutory obligations under the respective Acts of Parliament.
- 公司没有为员工缴付EPF和SOCSO 的举动，等同违反雇用合约的根本条款。这种情况足以构成员工被迫离职的理由。The Court finds that the Company had indeed delayed in remitting the Claimant’s EPF and SOCSO contributions as well as the PCB deductions and this certainly goes to the root of the Claimant’s contract of employment. It cannot be gainsaid that any failure of the Company to remit the said contributions to the relevant authorities gives the Claimant the right to claim constructive dismissal.
问: 如果公司没有给Offer Letter，或者Offer Letter没有提到离职通知，员工可以不给通知就直接离职吗？
- 按照人力资源的官网，如果合约没有提到离职通知，则需依据劳工法的离职通知。
- 如果公司没有给你雇用合约，其实是违法的，你可以和劳工部举报。请点击：雇主需要提供员工合约的副本。但这不代表你可以立刻离职，因为即使没有合约，你还是需要依据劳工法的离职通知。不过你可以同时举报雇主没有给你合约。
- 4 minggu notis – jika bekerja kurang daripada dua(2) tahun;
- 6 minggu notis – jika bekerja 2 tahun atau lebih tetapi kurang daripada 5 tahun; dan
- 8 minggu notis – jika bekerja 5 tahun atau lebih.
问: 离职通知，必须是以书信通知吗？
- 不一定。只要员工有给与雇主文字上 (例如： 电邮）的预先通知，离职通知是有效的。
- 但是，我们还是建议，员工以书信的方式，呈交离职信。如果你认为雇主是一位会使诈的人，在呈交辞职信的时候，让雇主或者人事部签收你的辞职信副本。
- 另外，离职通知的天数也包括员工的病假和产假在内。
问:员工突然不干/辞职，雇主可以怎么办？
- 员工如果只给一天通知就离职，或没有给足通知，他需要赔偿公司代通知金。在1955劳工法令12条文有说明，任何离职的一方，需要给予以下的通知：
- 4星期之通知, 如果从给通知当天算起, 该雇员受雇少过两年者;
- 6星期之通知, 如果从给通知当天算起,该雇员受雇两年但少过五年者;
- 8星期之通知, 如果从给通知当天算起, 该雇员受雇超过五年者;
- 通常很多员工会选择在拿了薪水的第二天，就消失，不来上班，也不通知公司，直接失联。雇主其实可以通过劳工部做出追讨代通知金为赔偿。
- 1955劳工法令69(2)(iii)条文有说明，劳工部总监有权对没有给予足够离职通知但又没有赔偿代通知金的员工采取行动，这可以是命令该员工赔偿雇主代通知金。
- 因此若公司经常面临员工没有给予足够离职通知的情况，可以通过劳工部，向该员工索取代离职通知金的赔偿。
- Section 69
(2) The powers of the Director General under subsection (1) shall include the power to hear and decide, in accordance with the procedure laid down in this Part, any claim by-
(iii) an employer against his employee in respect of indemnity due to such employer under subsection 13(1),
and to make such consequential orders as may be necessary to give effect to his decision.
69(2)(iii) 总监在第(1)款的权限包括依照本章者程序聆听和裁决任何以下申索之权力, 雇主向雇员索偿在第13条第(1)款雇员应偿还雇主的补偿; 和作出所需要的相应命令以求命令生效。
问: 离职期间，有些雇主会在员工辞职前，要求他们签署一份合约，内容是约束员工离职后，不能在限制的期限内从事相同行业的工作范围，请问合法吗？
问: 老板可以逼我自己离职吗？
- 老板不能强迫员工离职。不过公司可以和员工协商自愿离职计划（Voluntary Separation Scheme (VSS)）或者互惠遣散计划（Mutual Separation Scheme – MSS）
- VSS：员工在公司所提供的遣散配套或赔偿下自愿离职或辞职。MSS :双方达到劳资共识-雇主承诺给予财务赔偿计划，而员工将相对地放弃其任期和同意自愿离职。
- 然而无论是MSS或VSS，都不能有强迫性。法庭的职责是确定双方在自愿离职上是否存在真正的协商。对于未达成真正达成共识的协议，法庭不能宣布它是有效的。Timber Master Trading (M) Sdn. Bhd. v. Jane Wang Sing Fang [1994] 2 ILR 1293; [1994] 1 MELR 693
*公司和员工协商关于互惠遣散计划时不能误导员工是因为职位过剩（redundant），所以才采取自愿离职方案。如果员工之后提告，公司若在法庭failed to prove real and bona fide redundancy，法庭很可能依然裁决员工是被无理解雇。Murali Tharan Nair a/l G Narayana Nair v HLMG Management Co Sdn Bhd，Award 276 of 2020
问: 请问老板可以拒绝接受我的离职吗？
- 如果你没有给予足够的离职通知。公司可以命令你做出应有的赔偿，如赔偿代通知金。
- 但公司没有权利拒绝你的离职，因为在在马来西亚宪法下，没有人可被强迫进行某种工作。马来西亚联邦宪法6(2)阐明，逼迫他人工作是被禁止的。
Article 6 Federal Constitution
- No person shall be held in slavery.
- All forms of forced labour are prohibited, but Parliament may by law provide for compulsory service for national purposes .
问：当员工向雇主呈交辞职信时，请问雇主是否可以要求相关员工立即离开公司？
- 若员工打算辞职，员工需要依据雇佣合约所注的离职通知期，依据相关通知期，提前通知雇主。
- 若雇主要求员工立即离职或缩短员工的离职通知期，雇主需要支付员工与通知期天数相等；或剩余天数的工资为赔偿。假如雇主不肯支付，员工可以向劳工部做出举报。
问: 员工离职后，多久才能获得最后一次的薪水呢？
- 按照1955劳工法令第20条文，当员工的服务契约依照11(1)条节或在12条终止时, 他所赚到但还未付给的工资, 在扣了所有的合法扣除后, 雇主必须在契约终止的不超过一天内，付清员工的工资。
- 1955劳工法令第21条文下，当雇主在13(1)或(2)条和14(1)(a)条下，因员工不当行为而无通知辞退员工时，员工所赚到的工资，必须最迟在辞退员工的当天支付给员工；
- 当员工在第13(1)或(2)条或第14(3)条文终止其跟雇主之服务契约时，雇主必须把员工的工资，包括终止契约前一天所赚的工资，扣除了雇主在第24条有权取代的事项之后，在不迟过契约终止的第三天，付给雇员。
- 不过公司依据税收法，需要在你离职前的30天，帮你呈交 CP22A，因此雇主必须withhold 员工的薪金，直到LHDN 通知才可以发放，通常是在90天内。
20. Payment on normal termination of contract
The wages, less lawful deductions, earned by but not yet paid to an employee whose contract of service terminates in accordance with subsection 11(1) or of section 12 shall be paid to such employee not later than the day on which such contract of service so terminates.
21. Payment on termination of contract in special circumstances and on breach of contract
(1) Where an employer terminates the contract of service of an employee without notice in accordance with subsection 13(1) or (2) and paragraph 14(1)(a)—
(a) the wages, less any deductions which the employer is entitled to make under section 24, earned by such employee up to and including the day immediately preceding the day on which the termination of the contract of service takes. effect; and
(b) in addition, where the employer terminates the contract of service under subsection 13(1), the indemnity payable to the employee under that subsection, shall be paid by the employer to the employee not later than the day on which such contract of service is so terminated.
(2) Where an employee terminates his contract of service with an employer without notice in accordance with subsection 13(1) or (2) or subsection 14(3), the wages, less any deductions which the employer is entitled to make under section 24, earned by such employee up to and including the day immediately preceding the day on which the termination of the contract of service takes effect shall be paid by the employer to the employee not later than the third day after the day on which the contract of service is so terminated.
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