邻居在未经过业主的同意下，擅自侵入 (trespass)/ 霸占 (unlawful occupation) 业主的产业/空置产业，请问业主能够采取什么行动呢？
- 根据马来西亚联邦宪法 (Federal Constitution) 第13(1)条文 (财产享有权) 阐明，除非有法律根据，否则任何人的财产不可被剥削。第13(2)条文阐明，在没有适当的赔偿下，无任何法律可强行接收或使用他人的财产。
- 换句话说，财产享有权乃属于一项宪法性权利，任何人不得侵害和剥夺。任何人，在没有得到业主的允许或授权下/或无法律依据，没有权利私自进入私人土地或房屋。
- 非法侵入他人土地或房屋，让业主带来损失，业主能透过民事诉讼，以非法侵入他人土地或房屋控告入侵者，并要求索赔。
- 此外，当非法入侵者的意图为进行犯罪或伤害等违法行为时，业主能向警方报案，而警方能援引刑事法典第441条文(非法入侵建筑物), 來调查此事。非法入侵建筑物 (criminal trespass) 的定义为：任何人进入他人的建筑物里/上，意图犯罪或恐吓，侮辱或惹恼任何拥有该建筑物的人，或合法的进入有关建筑物，却非法留在那里并有意图恐吓，侮辱或骚扰任何拥有该建筑物的人，或有意图犯罪，即是犯下刑事侵入罪。如果住宅被非法侵入，有关行为会触犯刑事法典第442条文（侵入住宅）。
- 根据刑事法典第447条文，一旦非法入侵建筑物罪成，非法入侵者可被判监禁不超过6个月，或罚款不超过RM3,000.00，或两者兼施。
- 根据刑事法典第448条文，一旦非法入侵住宅罪成，非法入侵者可被判监禁不超过3年，或罚款不超过RM5,000.00，或两者兼施。
Federal Constitution
Article 13 Rights to Property
(1) No person shall be deprived of property save in accordance with law.
(2)No law shall provide for the compulsory acquisition or use of property without adequate compensation.
Penal Code
441.Criminal trespass
Whoever enters into or upon property in the possession of another with intent to commit an offence or to intimidate, insult or annoy any person in possession of such property or having lawfully entered into or upon such property, unlawfully remains there with intent thereby to intimidate, insult or annoy any such person, or with intent to commit an offence, is said to commit “criminal trespass”.
442.House-trespass
Whoever commits criminal trespass by entering into or remaining in any building, tent or vessel used as a human dwelling or any building used as a place for worship, or as a place for the custody of property, is said to commit “house-trespass”.
Explanation—The introduction of any part of the criminal trespasser’ body is entering sufficient to constitute house-trespass.
447.Punishment for criminal trespass
Whoever commits criminal trespass shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to *six months or with fine which may extend to *three thousand ringgit or with both.
448.Punishment for house-trespass
Whoever commits house-trespass shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to **three years or with fine which may extend to **five thousand ringgit or with both.
Credits to Rebecca Leong
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